The Rise of Public Blockchain Unicorns: Rethinking DAO Governance for Enterprise Adoption
Decentralised Powerhouse: A New Organisational Model Emerges
According to DeepDAO, an analytics firm aggregating insights and data about DAOs, total treasuries managed by DAOs reached USD 30.9 billion in May 2024 with 359 organisations managing more than 1 million USD worth of assets and 36 of these managing over USD 100 million.
Their website also counts over 10 million governance token holders out of which 3.2 are active voters and proposal makers.
The Decentralised Autonomous Organisation (DAO) has emerged as a ground-breaking experiment in organisational design. Unlike their centralised counterparts, DAOs leverage blockchain technology to create permissionless, self-governing entities. DAOs are decentralised organisations that empower communities to achieve their goals while reducing the need for intermediaries.
Take Uniswap, Lido DAO, Optimism, and Arbitrum – DAOs boasting market caps exceeding USD 1 billion each. These entities represent a new type of organisation: the Public Blockchain Unicorn. Unlike their public market counterparts, Public Blockchain Unicorns are community-driven and self-reporting entities with a unique stakeholder ecosystem encompassing developers, clients, investors, and operators.
The Cult of the Token: When Price Trumps Product
DAOs are a promising new concept, but they are still under development and face challenges. Key issues include:
- Tokenomics:
- Unclear regulations surrounding governance tokens, create uncertainty.
- Focus on short-term token price gains can overshadow the building of valuable products.
- Reliance on hype instead of genuine product-market fit discouraging traditional institutions.
- Governance:
- Lack of legal clarity around liabilities and token holder rights creates participation risks.
- Voter apathy due to time commitment and costs hinders community engagement.
- Limited knowledge among token holders leads to speculative voting and harms decision-making.
- Low voter turnout in smaller DAOs can delay crucial votes.
From Hype to Value: How Corporations Can Leverage DAOs Effectively?
Despite these challenges, DAOs possess significant potential for public and private entities. Their inherent transparency eliminates single points of failure, ensuring projects can continue even if key individuals depart, as the DAO is a collective of multiple individuals and companies. This, coupled with their agile and collaborative nature, makes DAOs worth considering for enterprise alliances and non-profit organisations.
DAO can be considered for:
- New research & development centres: DAOs excel at fostering collaboration and ownership among geographically dispersed groups. Imagine a Silicon Valley unicorn setting up its first R&D centre. A DAO could connect engineers worldwide, with everyone contributing expertise and voting on research directions. This transparent structure incentivises participation, distributes project ownership fairly, and eliminates potential biases in funding allocation.
- Innovation-focused organisations driven by agility and rapid iteration: Traditional governance structures can be slow and cumbersome. Multi-layered approvals, committee meetings, and complex decision-making processes can stifle innovation and hinder adaptation to changing market conditions.
Benefits of a DAO structure include:
- Enhanced trust and transparency: By placing decision-making power in the hands of the community, DAOs foster trust and eliminate potential conflicts of interest. In the R&D centre example, engineers can be confident that funding allocation is based on merit, not personal agendas as decisions are documented and made public. In addition, if funds are distributed via public blockchains, the use of funds is immutable and transparent to all stakeholders.
- Access to a wider talent pool: DAOs are not limited by geographical constraints. They can attract and incentivise participation from the best minds and companies globally, enriching the project with diverse perspectives and expertise. Furthermore, DAOs avoid creating employer-employee relationships and allow companies to reduce dissolution costs if the project doesn't succeed.
- Reduced overhead costs: Traditional R&D centres can incur high setup costs due to new entity creation and administrative burdens. DAOs, on the other hand, channel capital towards research directly. In the R&D centre case, capital should be allocated to actionable research that will lead to future growth rather than additional overhead. DAOs use programmable mechanisms to distribute capital based on agreed milestones, ensuring efficient resource allocation.
- Faster decision-making and innovation: Streamlined governance processes in DAOs allow for quicker decision-making compared to traditional hierarchical structures. Through on-chain voting, proposals, and votes are recorded and executed directly, eliminating the need for manual vote counting and verification. This fosters agility and rapid iteration, pivotal for projects operating in fast-paced environments.
The Path Forward
The potential of DAOs is undeniable. However, for widespread enterprise adoption, DAO governance needs to evolve. Currently, DAO structures vary widely. Developing standardised frameworks and best practices for areas like legal and financial structures, voting mechanisms, and dispute resolution will be crucial for future adoption. Hybrid models that leverage the strengths of both traditional structures and DAOs might be more suitable for some enterprises and should not be excluded. Finally, the current emphasis on token price speculation within some DAOs can distract from the core objective: building valuable products and services. Shifting the focus towards creating tangible value for stakeholders, including corporations and communities, will be essential for long-term sustainability.
References
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Borgogno, Oscar, and Edoardo Martino. "Decentralised Autonomous Organizations: Targeting the Potential Beyond the Hype." EBI Working Paper Series, 8 Jan. 2024.
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Choi, Donovan. "Are DAOs Overhyped and Unworkable? Lessons from the Front Lines." Cointelegraph Magazine, 13 Sept. 2023.
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Coon, Chris. "Governing the Wild West of Blockchain: Corporate Governance Issues with DAOs." 2023.
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Dutta, Lomesh. "What if Troubled Companies like Twitter Can Be Run by a DAO?" 6 Jan. 2023.
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World Economic Forum. "Decentralized Autonomous Organization Toolkit." Jan. 2023.
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DeepDAO. (n.d.). Organizations. DeepDAO, visited on May 19th, 2024